They all have to work (at least to an extent) using only x1. It’s part of the PCIe spec.
Missing pins are actually extremely common. If your board has a slot that’s x16 (electrically x8), which is very common for a second video card, take a closer look. Half the pins in the slot aren’t connected. It has the full slot to make you feel better about it, and it provides some mounting stability, but it’s electrically the same as an x8 that’s open.
USB the protocol, or just uses a USB cable? If it’s not using the protocol, the cables are a cheap way of getting cables of a certain spec.
This might be interesting. I turned off all of my Google history years ago. I presume they still collected all of it.
This could reveal some of that.
It’s more like claiming to own a subreddit, or a Twitter hashtag.
“Having a Discord server” doesn’t mean what those words normally mean.
How is that different from the Office 365 installation I have at work? Other than the fact that it can actually operate entirely offline for a significant time, unlike what the article describes?
Or did you redefine O365 to only mean the web version?
That said, I didn’t check the compatibility of your selected SR transceiver against your NICs and switch, so I’ll presume you’ve done your homework for that.
This is the part that’s making me the most nervous. Even when I can find a compatibility list, they only refer to obscure first-party transceivers that I can’t find (or cost an absurd amount). But from what I have gathered, SFP+ is perfectly standardized, and it’s only the lockout code preventing you from using any transceiver on the market.
I couldn’t even tell if there’s a difference (beyond basic spec compatibility, like 1G vs 10g, SR MMF vs LR, etc) between the expensive ones over the cheap generics. There must be some differences, because I see multiple models that look otherwise identical. Unless they’re just aesthetics/date indicators, which is always a possibility.
Not especially long, at least not at this time. I need about 13m end-to-end for my current plan.
It’s my understanding that the vendor branding on FS transceivers is just a string to match what the vendor’s lockout code is looking for. Since Mikrotik doesn’t do that, I went with Ubiquiti in case I decide to move to that in the future.
Fortunately, the fiber will mostly be running through an unfinished basement. I previously tried to run smurf tube behind finished wall, and it was much harder than it sounded. It’s hard to drill a hole that big, things didn’t line up, and parts of it involved extremely tight quarters. I would contract it out before I’d try it again.
Thanks for the quick reply. The available x4 slots are all physically x16, but electrically x4.
While my use case today is pretty narrow, I’d rather not mess with the custom network settings to make it all cooperate on an otherwise completely flat network. The file server is running Ubuntu, and the desktop is currently running VMware ESXi. In the future, I expect to replace it with something else. I did verify that it lists the Intel network chipset on the HCL.
This has been predicted for many years. Most were expecting it to happen before the IPO, since investors are afraid of porn.
They had also been gradually heading down this path for a long time, making porn harder and harder (heh) to find and view.
Also, be sure to run extensive burn in tests before deploying for production use. I had an entire batch from GoHardDrive fail on me during that testing, so my data was never in danger.
RAID is redundancy, not backup. The main purpose is to keep your system available while you deal with certain, specific types of failures. Also, for all intents and purposes, RAID2 isn’t a thing. I suspect you were reading about RAIDZ, RAID using ZFS. While it has proponents and advantages, it won’t secure your data any more than the common RAID5/6.
Backup is to make sure you don’t lose data, regardless of what happened. This includes hardware failures, user error, bad/malicious software, and more.
If your data is important to you, setup a backup. If you need 100% uptime, setup a backup, then setup RAID.
Thank you for the extra context. It’s relieving to know you don’t just have a bunch of USB “backup” drives connected.
To break this down to its simplest elements, you basically have a bunch of small DASes connected to a USB host controller. The rest could be achieved using another interface, such as SATA, SAS, or others. USB has certain compromises that you really don’t want happening to a member of a RAID, which is why you’re getting warnings from people about data loss. SATA/SAS don’t have this issue.
You should not have to replace the cable ever, especially if it does not move. Combined with the counterfeit card, it sounds like you had a bad parts supplier. But yes, parts can sometimes fail, and replacements on SAS are inconvenient. You also (probably) have to find a way to cool the card, which might be an ugly solution.
I eventually went with a proper server DAS (EMC ktn-stl3, IIRC), connected via external SAS cable. It works like a charm, although it is extremely loud and sucks down 250w @ idle. I don’t blame anyone for refusing this as a solution.
I wrote, rewrote, and eventually deleted large sections of this response as I thought through it. It really seems like your main reason for going USB is that specific enclosure. There should really be an equivalent with SAS/SATA connectors, but I can’t find one. DAS enclosures pretty much suck, and cooling is a big part of it.
So, when it all comes down to it, you would need a DAS with good, quiet airflow, and SATA connectors. Presumably this enclosure would also need to be self-powered. It would need either 4 bays to match what you have, or 16 to cover everything you would need. This is a simple idea, and all of the pieces already exist in other products.
But I’ve never seen it all combined. It seems the data hoarder community jumps from internal bays (I’ve seen up to 15 in a reasonable consumer config) straight to rackmount server gear.
Your setup isn’t terrible, but it isn’t what it could/should be. All things being equal, you really should switch the drives over to SATA/SAS. But that depends on finding a good DAS first. If you ever find one, I’d be thrilled to switch to it as well.
You currently have 16 disks connected via USB, in a ZFS array?
I highly recommend reimagining your path forward. Define your needs (sounds like a high-capacity storage server to me), define your constraints (e.g. cost), then develop a solution to best meet them.
Even if you are trying to build one on the cheap with a high Wife Acceptance Factor, there are better ways to do so than attaching 16+ USB disks to a thin client.
This is actually a regional bit of language, specifically the region of the US. The term ‘state’ originally meant (and in some places, still means) an independent and sovereign entity/government. Under the terms of colonial America, each state was truly independent, so the term makes complete sense. Even the original attempt at uniting the colonies (under the Articles of Confederation) maintained that independence.
But that failed and was promptly replaced by the US Constitution, which made the states much more like provinces. They became a piece of the whole, with significant influence from the larger entity. But we kept the term “state” when referring to them.
I find it mildly interesting that despite all of the perceived differences in intelligence, and the scary colors of the chart, every single state is between 94.2 and 104.3. IOW, there is no meaningful difference in IQ at the state level.
Even at stores that have this feature, I rarely see people use it. It’s clearly not an experience that people flock to.
OTOH, on the rare occasion I’ve visited a Walmart in the past 10 years, I have a 100% rate of checkout taking an absurdly long time. Everyone there just seems to accept it like they have no choice.
As long as it’s advertised openly, I don’t see a big problem with it. It would probably be sold as a discount for shopping at slower times, though. It’s a tried-and-true method of smoothing congestion.
Assuming a store with 9a-9p hours (every day), a 9-5 worker can shop 44 hours in a week, vs 40 they cannot. But that doesn’t particularly line up with the busy hours. Around here, after 7 on weekdays and 5 on weekends tend to get pretty slow.
There are some public numbers on how many occurrences are found each year on the major platforms.
IIRC, Facebook deals with around 75 million reports per year. Twitter, Reddit, and others were around 20 million reports per year.
I don’t know how many are dealt with on Mastodon or Lemmy (or how you’d even get reliable numbers for that), but something tells me it’s a lot less than the bigger platforms these days.