It’s all managed through ICANN (The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/register-domain-name-2017-06-20-en
Are more simple explanation: https://www.thesitewizard.com/domain/register-with-icann-sans-middlemen.shtml
Eh?
I like their DNS management and the fact that they only charge the minimum fee to renew domains. But I don’t use their DDoS protection or proxy services or anything.