I replaced the Power Backplane board J14R7 0J14R7 and it’s been running for just over 24 hours. As it was an intermittent fault I don’t count this as proof that it is fixed (I’ll wait another couple of days to be sure) but previously it never lasted 8 hours so it seems most likely.
The old Power Backplane had no puffy capacitors, no scorch marks, and no other indication that it was faulty. I also used all the same cables so it doesn’t look like a cable issue.
Thanks for your comment it helped give me confidence to spend the money on a new board. The other option I had considered was to just buy another system that would take the CPUs I bought.
Thanks for the information, that’s an unusual situation that you got yourself into. ;)
I had followed the advice of Dell support and unplugged everything including very unlikely things like NVMe devices and RAM and it still happened. It turned out to be the power distribution board.